Analysis of legislative norms regarding communication surveillance and of the praxis of European Court of Human Rights

Abstract

Communication surveillance is a relatively new measure in the Serbian legal system and with the development of new technologies applicable to various types of communication, new problems are emerging very fast. Of course this is not the case exclusively in Serbia, but much further. Similar problems emerge in the EU, and Serbia as a signatory of the European Convention on Human Rights, has to oblige with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg (ECHR). Standards made in this area in the laws of the EU countries are derived from the rules made by case law of ECHR. Regardless of the depicted trends and occurrences in this sphere, Serbian legislation has not been lately following the lead of European legislators. Authors are analyzing facts and circumstances in connection to legal defining and proscribing of the measure of communication surveillance, giving a parallel comparative legal analysis of ECHR and Luxemburg Court of EU. The analysis also includes considerations regarding some articles from the draft Act on Criminal Procedure in Serbia pertaining to communication surveillance. The purpose of the analysis is to suggest certain regulations de lege ferenda in Serbia.

Mera nadzora nad komunikacijama je relativno nova u našem zakonodavstvu, ali pojavom novih tehnologija primenljivih na najrazličitije oblike komunikacija javljaju se mnogobrojni problemi. Naravno, ovo nije slučaj samo u Srbiji, već mnogo šire. Slična problematika javlja se i u Evropskoj uniji, a mi se kao potpisnica evropske Konvencije o ljudskim pravima (EKLjP) moramo rukovoditi i praksom Evropskog suda za ljudska prava u Strazburu (ESLjP). Standardi koji se u evropskim zemljama postavljaju u ovoj oblasti u svojoj osnovi sadrže pravila ustanovljena upravo u praksi ovog suda. Bez obzira na sve trendove i događaje u ovoj oblasti naš zakonodavac, u poslednje vreme, nije u potpunosti na nivou evropskih. Autori analiziraju činjenice i okolnosti vezane za zakonsko regulisanje mere nadzora i snimanja telefonskih i drugih oblika komunikacija, uz uporedno pravnu analizu prakse ESLjP, ali i suda EU u Luksemburgu. U ovu analizu unosi se i razmatranje predloga nacrta novog Zakonika o krivičnom postupku (ZKP). Autori analizom i prikazom uporedno pravne prakse pokušavaju i da daju predloge de lege ferenda u Srbiji.