Problemi propisivanja i odmeravanje novčane kazne u našem krivičnom zakonodavstvu

Abstract

The fine is one of the most commonly applied criminal sanctions in contemporary criminal law. However, although it is very suitable as a replacement for short-term prison sentences and in many cases good alternative for a suspended sentence, it is rarely applied in the practice of our courts. One of the main reasons for this appears to be the problem with the application of the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code (determining and imposing fines) that provide two parallel systems: the system of fines in daily amounts and the system of fines in a particular amount. Problems with the application of the first system, which should be primary, along with insufficiently coordinated parallel solutions, have led to its rare use and even more to general decline of pronouncing fine in practice. Therefore, it would be good to opt for one of the two systems when next changes in the Criminal Code take place. If this happens to be a system of fines in daily amounts, it would be necessary to make significant changes in its implementation, especially towards giving greater power to the courts to assess the income and expenses of the offender, as well as easier determination of the amount of the day.

Novčana kazna je jedna od najviše primenjivanih krivičnih sankcija u savremenom krivičnom pravu. Međutim, iako veoma pogodna kao zamena za kratkotrajne kazne zatvora i u mnogim slučajevima dobra alteranativa za uslovnu osudu, ona se u praksi naših sudova sve ređe primenjuje. Kao jedan od osnovnih razloga njene smanjene primene pojavljuju se problemi vezani za odredbe Krivičnog zakonika o odmeravanju i izricanju novčane kazne kojima je propisano paralelno postojanje dva sistema: sistema novčane kazne u dnevnim iznosima i sistema novčane kazne u određenom iznosu. Problemi oko primene prvog sistema, koji bi trebalo da bude osnovni, i međusobna neusklađenost dva sistema doveli su do toga da se prvi sistem gotovo i ne primenjuje, a da novčana kazna u celini beleži stalni pad u učestalosti izricanja. Stoga bi bilo dobro prilikom sledećih izmena u Krivičnom zakoniku opredeliti se za jedan od ova dva sistema. Ukoliko bi to bio sistem novčane kazne u dnevnim iznosima, bilo bi neophodno učiniti značajne izmene u načinu njegove primene koje bi bile u funkciji davanja širih ovlašćenja sudu u proceni prihoda i rashoda učinioca i olakšanja utvrđivanja vrednosti dnevnih iznosa.