Pravo na život i krivičnopravna zaštita nerođenog deteta

Abstract

Is it possible to talk about the right to life of an unborn child? This is the main question of debate in this paper. The authors point out several incriminations (murder, murder of a child during childbirth and an unauthorized abortion) based on which the attitude is formed regarding the

acceptable theory as to which moment can be considered the moment when the life begins. The

main thesis of this paper is that until the beginning of a childbirth the foetus enjoys only the indirect protection through its mother. This is the prism through which the right to life of an unborn

child should be observed. The truth is that the legislators in other countries have opted to expand

the direct criminal-law protection of a foetus, but mainly when it concerns the bodily integrity and

the health condition of a foetus. That these issues intrigue the European Court of Human Rights is

shown also in their abundant practice. It is also interesting that there are attempts by the national

courts which are directed to expand the protection of the right of an unborn child using criterion of

being “viable”. After the analysis of domestic legislations, the court practice of the ECTH and comparative-law solutions, the authors give their suggestions for amendments de lege ferenda.

Osnovno pitanje koje se postavlja u ovom radu je da li se može govoriti o pravu na život nerođenog deteta imajući u vidu odredbe krivičnog zakonodavstva u našoj zemlji. Na ovo istraživanje nas je usmerila sudska praksa kako Evropskog suda za ljudska prava, tako i domaćih sudova. Ali najpre moramo poći od slova najvažnijih međunarodnih dokumenata u oblasti zaštite osnovnih ljudskih prava, kao i Ustava Republike Srbije i na kraju Krivičnog zakonika Srbije. Prateći rasprave o ovom pitanju primećujemo da one doživljavaju zenit poslednju deceniju. U skladu sa tim, neke zemlje su čak inovirale svoje krivično zakonodavstvo uvođenjem inkriminacija kojima se štiti fetus.