Is there any alternative to the confiscation of criminal assets, which is implemented in a criminal proceeding?

Abstract

In addition to confiscation of proceeds of crime in the criminal or its associate procedure, as exists in national law, the author suggests the existence of other models in the seizure of property whose legal origin is suspected, represented in foreign legal systems. Recognizing this fact, the central part of his work is about the civil law confiscation or seizure of proceeds of crime in the administrative proceedings and taxing criminal profit, as alternative or corrective forms of action present in comparative legal systems. Briefly has been given an overview of basic principles on which they are based, and pointed out the problems faced by entities engaged in the field of their practical application. After a brief presentation and analysis of these systems the author raises a rhetorical question: whether the use of civil law or administrative proceedings legitimate tool in the fight against crime or a shortcut that states use to mitigate the lack of efficiency of the instruments used in crime fighting? In doing so, he reminds that confiscation and forfeiture and the criminal or its associated procedure is exactly the kind of civil law Institute (prohibiting unjust) used in the realization of the goals of the criminal law. Essentially, it is a desirable tool, which can help to achieve (partial) restorative justice. However, putting discussed aspects of confiscation in the view of the domestic law, the author concludes that the decision which has been opted by domestic legislator is currently the best way for the practical implementation of the principle of prohibition of unlawful enrichment.

Pored oduzimanja imovine stečene kriminalom u krivičnom ili u njemu pridruženom (adhezionom) postupku, kakav egzistira u domaćem pravu, postoje i drugi modeli oduzimanja imovine u čije se legalno poreklo sumnja, zastupljeni u inostranim pravnim sistemima. Autor je zbog toga centralni deo rada posvetio građanskopravnom oduzimanju imovine, odnosno oduzimanju imovine stečene kriminalom u upravnom postupku i oporezivanju kriminalne dobiti, kao alternativnim ili korektivnim vidovima delovanja prisutnim u uporedno-pravnim sistemima. Ukratko je dat prikaz osnovnih principa na kojima se oni baziraju i ukazano je na probleme s kojima se suočavaju subjekti angažovani na polju praktične primene. Stavljajući ove vidove oduzimanja imovine u ravan domaćeg prava, autor zaključuje da je rešenje za koje se opredelio domaći zakonodavac trenutno najbolji način za praktičnu realizaciju principa o zabrani neosnovanog bogaćenja.