Uporedna analiza Konvencije Saveta Evrope o pranju novca, pronalaženju, zapleni i konfiskaciji dobiti stečene kriminalom i o finansiranju terorizma i nacinalnog krivičnog zakonodavstva

Abstract

Pranje novca i finansiranje terorizma su globalni problemi koji imaju povratne efekte na ekonomske, političke, bezbednosne i socijalne strukture zemlje. Problemi u vezi sa pranjem novca se posebno intenziviraju poslednjih godina, imajući u vidu količinu sredstava koja su u igri. Kriminalizacija pranja sredstava koja potiču od krivičnih dela predstavlja osnovni preduslov normalnog funkcionisanja privrednog sistema svake zemlje. Otuda su i napori međunarodne zajednice upereni, definisanjem krivičnog dela pranja novca u velikom broju međunarodnih dokumenata, na raskrinkavanje protivpravnog porekla tih sredstava. Autor je posebnu pažnju posvetio analizi relevantnih međunoradnih konvencija koje sadrže odredbe o krivičnom delu pranja novca sa posebnim naglaskom na Konvenciju Saveta Evrope o pranju, traženju, zapleni i konfiskaciji prihoda stečenih kriminalom i o finansiranju terorizma. Značajan deo rada predstavlja i osvrt na regulisanje pranja novca u nekim zemljama uporednog prava, kao I analiza krivičnog dela pranja novca u Krivičnom zakoniku Srbije.

As human society developed, developed the awareness of need for protection of the most important goods and values using measures of social reaction. Money laundering includes a number of different measures and activities undertaken in order to legalize illegally acquired proceeds and conceal their illegal origin. When property is obtained through criminal activities, then its owners seek to find the way to incorporate it in legal financial flow, i.e. to use that money. By incriminating money laundering, the state endeavour to protect the economy in whole. Economic crime undermines the economic system of a country. At the moment, the majority of national legal systems put a great deal of effort into fighting against money laundering and related criminal offences. On internatinal level, a number o important documents were adopted in order to specify measures and procedures for fighting against money laundering. The most important, undoubtedly, are: the Convention on Money Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime (number 141), adopted on 8 th November 1990 in Strasbourg, and Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime and on the Financing of Terrorism (CETS 198), adopted on 3 rd May 2005. Criminal offence of money laundering has been, for the first time in Serbia, adopted in the Law on prevention of money laundering, in 2001. Because of the problems emerging related to charges for money laundering, especially in those countries demanding criminal offence preceding money laundering to be the probable cause for criminal prosecution for money laundering, in the Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime and on the Financing of Terrorism, there is no longer a need to produce evidence of predicate criminality before charging for money laundering. Concerning this issue, our Criminal Code keeps pace with international documents. The fact that proceeds that are subjects of money laundering derive from predicate criminal offences is to be determined in criminal procedure, for the purpose of particular case of money laundering. In fighting against laundering, prevention has a big role, too. It implies elimination of causes and conditions that influence the development of this phenomenon. Control of money flow, investments and of all the other transactions could, if not completely exterminate, then reduce this phenomenon to minimum.