Nastanak i razvoj naučno-tehničke policije u Srbiji (1904-1941) : doktorska disertacija

Abstract

U doktorskoj disertaciji se istražuje uticaj i doprinos prirodnih i tehničko-tehnoloških nauka na smanjenje kriminaliteta. Naučna verifikacija odnosno utvrđivanje istinitosti, tačnosti i potpunosti naučnih saznanja o kriminalitetu posmatra se kroz metodološki aspekt prirodnih i tehničko-tehnoloških nauka koji se odvija na dva nivoa. Na teorijskom nivou stvorena je nova multidisciplinarna, empirijska naučna disciplina – kriminalistika. Na praktičnom nivou očituje se u primeni kriminalističkih metoda u istrazi krivičnih dela i u reformi policije kroz nastanak posebnih, specijalizovanih odeljenja naučne (scientifique, fr) ili tehničke (technique, fr) policije. Po uzoru na švajcarski i francuski model koji su bili najprepoznatljiviji u svetu, naučno-tehnička policija u Srbiji nastala je 1904. godine donošenjem Zakona za merenje, opisivanje i identifikovanje krivaca kojim je osnovano Antropometrijsko-policijsko odeljenje pri Ministarstvu unutrašnjih dela. U radu se prati rad ovog odeljenja u periodu od 1904. do 1941. godine i njegova transformacija u Tehničku policiju (1919-1941) kao i njegov doprinos smanjenju kriminaliteta u Srbiji nakon uvođenja prvih metoda za identifikaciju lica – bertijonaže (1905), daktiloskopije (1911) i osnivanja prve policijsko-tehničke laboratorije (1911). Posebna pažnja posvećena je pionirima svetske i srpske kriminalistike kao i razvoju policijskog školstva. Prikazano je školovanje i stručno usavršavanje pripadnika naučno-tehničke policije u inostranstvu, osnivanje prve Policijske škole (1921), Centralne škole za policijske izvršne službenike (1931) i formiranje Kriminalističkog instituta na Pravnom fakultetu u Beogradu. Kritički osvrt na stanje kriminaliteta nakon uvođenja kriminalističkih metoda u istražnim policijskim radnjama, prikazan je statističkom analizom krivičnih dela u Kraljevini Srbiji kao značajan pokazatelj uticaja prirodnih nauka na kontrolu negativnih društvenih pojava.

In the doctoral dissertation is explored the influence and contribution of natural and technical and technological sciences to reducing crime. Scientific verification, determination of the truthfulness, accuracy and completeness of scientific knowledge about crime, is viewed through a methodological aspect of natural and technical-technological sciences that takes place on two levels. At the theoretical level, a new multidisciplinary, empirical scientific discipline - criminalistics has been created. At the practical level, it is manifested in the application of criminal methods in investigating criminal offenses and in police reform through the emergence of specific, specialized departments of scientific (scientifique, fr) or technical (technique, fr) police. Following the example of the Swiss and French models that were the most recognizable in the world, the scientific/technical police in Serbia was founded in 1904 by the Law on Measuring, Describing and Identifying Culprits, which established the Anthropometric-Police Department at the Ministry of Internal Affairs. This paper deals with the work of the Department in the period from 1904 to 1941 and its transformation into the Department of Technical Police (1919-1941) as well as its contribution to the reduction of criminality in Serbia after the introduction of the first methods for identifying the persons - bertillonage (1905), dactyloscopy (1911) and the establishment of the first police-technical laboratory (1911). Special attention was paid to the pioneers of world and Serbian criminalistics, as well as the development of police education. The education and professional training of members of the scientific and technical police abroad was shown, the establishment of the first Police School (1921), the Central Police School for the Executive Officers (1931) and the establishment of the Institute of Criminalistics at the Faculty of Law in Belgrade. A critical review of the state of crime after the introduction of criminalistic methods in investigative police actions is shown by statistical analysis of criminal offenses in the Kingdom of Serbia as a significant indicator of the impact of natural sciences on the control of negative social phenomena.