TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koropanovski, Nenad
AU  - Orr, Robin M.
AU  - Dopsaj, Milivoj
AU  - Heinrich, Katie M.
AU  - Dawes, Jay J.
AU  - Kukić, Filip
PY  - 2022-05-18
UR  - http://jakov.kpu.edu.rs/handle/123456789/1393
AB  - Change-of-direction speed (CODS) directly impacts success in sports, police, and military performance. Movements requiring CODS are often preceded by aerobic or anaerobic running. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of maximal and submaximal anaerobic and aerobic running on subsequent CODS performance. A sample of 50 police students (42% female and 58% male) performed a maximal 300-yard shuttle run test (SR300y) and a 2.4-km Cooper test (CT2.4km) at maximal effort and also at 95, 90, 85, 80, and 75% of maximal effort. CODS was assessed using the Illinois Agility Test (IAT) immediately following each intensity level of each test at 12 separate testing sessions. To avoid fatigue, the period between each consecutive session was a minimum of 3 days. Paired samples t-tests were used to determine the differences between the two conditions (anaerobic lactic and aerobic) and for the IAT. A repeated measure analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post hoc test was used to analyze partial effects of different running intensities on the IAT. A significant reduction in speed was observed between the initial IATmax time and the IATmax time after performing the SR300y at intensities of 95, 90, 85, and 80% of maximal speed on this test. IAT performance was significantly slower when performed after the CT2.4km at 95 and 90% of maximal aerobic speed. The effects of the SR300y on the IAT were significantly greater than the effects of the CT2.4km. No significant differences were found by sex. Building up to 90% intensity, anaerobic running has a greater negative impact on subsequent CODS performance than does aerobic running.
PB  - Basel : MDPI
T1  - Effects of Maximal and Submaximal Anaerobic and Aerobic Running on Subsequent Change-of-Direction Speed Performance among Police Students
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
SP  - 767
DO  - 10.3390/biology11050767
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Koropanovski, Nenad and Orr, Robin M. and Dopsaj, Milivoj and Heinrich, Katie M. and Dawes, Jay J. and Kukić, Filip",
year = "2022-05-18",
abstract = "Change-of-direction speed (CODS) directly impacts success in sports, police, and military performance. Movements requiring CODS are often preceded by aerobic or anaerobic running. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of maximal and submaximal anaerobic and aerobic running on subsequent CODS performance. A sample of 50 police students (42% female and 58% male) performed a maximal 300-yard shuttle run test (SR300y) and a 2.4-km Cooper test (CT2.4km) at maximal effort and also at 95, 90, 85, 80, and 75% of maximal effort. CODS was assessed using the Illinois Agility Test (IAT) immediately following each intensity level of each test at 12 separate testing sessions. To avoid fatigue, the period between each consecutive session was a minimum of 3 days. Paired samples t-tests were used to determine the differences between the two conditions (anaerobic lactic and aerobic) and for the IAT. A repeated measure analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post hoc test was used to analyze partial effects of different running intensities on the IAT. A significant reduction in speed was observed between the initial IATmax time and the IATmax time after performing the SR300y at intensities of 95, 90, 85, and 80% of maximal speed on this test. IAT performance was significantly slower when performed after the CT2.4km at 95 and 90% of maximal aerobic speed. The effects of the SR300y on the IAT were significantly greater than the effects of the CT2.4km. No significant differences were found by sex. Building up to 90% intensity, anaerobic running has a greater negative impact on subsequent CODS performance than does aerobic running.",
publisher = "Basel : MDPI",
title = "Effects of Maximal and Submaximal Anaerobic and Aerobic Running on Subsequent Change-of-Direction Speed Performance among Police Students",
volume = "11",
number = "5",
pages = "767",
doi = "10.3390/biology11050767"
}

Koropanovski, N., Orr, R. M., Dopsaj, M., Heinrich, K. M., Dawes, J. J.,& Kukić, F.. (2022-05-18). Effects of Maximal and Submaximal Anaerobic and Aerobic Running on Subsequent Change-of-Direction Speed Performance among Police Students. 
Basel : MDPI., 11(5), 767.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11050767

Koropanovski N, Orr RM, Dopsaj M, Heinrich KM, Dawes JJ, Kukić F. Effects of Maximal and Submaximal Anaerobic and Aerobic Running on Subsequent Change-of-Direction Speed Performance among Police Students. 2022;11(5):767.
doi:10.3390/biology11050767 .

Koropanovski, Nenad, Orr, Robin M., Dopsaj, Milivoj, Heinrich, Katie M., Dawes, Jay J., Kukić, Filip, "Effects of Maximal and Submaximal Anaerobic and Aerobic Running on Subsequent Change-of-Direction Speed Performance among Police Students", 11, no. 5 (2022-05-18):767,
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11050767 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orr, Robin M.
AU  - Kukić, Filip
AU  - Čvorović, Aleksandar
AU  - Koropanovski, Nenad
AU  - Janković, Radivoje
AU  - Dawes, Jay
AU  - Lockie, Robert
PY  - 2019-06-01
UR  - http://jakov.kpu.edu.rs/handle/123456789/1385
AB  - Female police officers may be required to pursue offenders on foot while wearing occupational loads. The aim of this study was to determine relationships between fitness measures and change of direction speed (CODS) in female police officers and the influence of their occupational loads. Retrospective data were provided for 27 female police officers (age = 32.19 ± 5.09 y, height = 162.78 ± 5.01 cm, and mass = 71.31 ± 13.42 kg) and included fitness measures of: lower-body power (standing long jump (SLJ)), upper-body and trunk muscle endurance (push-up (PU) and sit-up (SU)), aerobic power (estimated VO2max), and CODS (Illinois agility test). The CODS test was performed without and with occupational load (10 kg). Paired sample t-tests (between-load conditions) and Pearson's correlations (relationships between measures) were performed with linear regression analysis used to account for the contribution of measures to unloaded and loaded CODS performance. CODS was significantly slower when loaded (unloaded = ~23.17 s, loaded = ~24.14 s, p < 0.001) with a strong, significant relationship between load conditions (r = 0.956, p < 0.001). Moderate to strong, significant relationships were found between all fitness measures ranging from estimated VO2max (r = -0.448) to SU (r = -0.673) in the unloaded condition, with the strength of these relationships increasing in the loaded condition accounting for 61% to 67% of the variance, respectively. While unloaded agility test performance was strongly associated with loaded performance, female police officer CODS was significantly reduced when carrying occupational loads. A variety of fitness measures that influence officer CODS performances become increasingly important when occupational loads are carried.
PB  - Basel : MDPI
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
T1  - Associations between Fitness Measures and Change of Direction Speeds with and without Occupational Loads in Female Police Officers
VL  - 16
IS  - 11
SP  - 1947
DO  - 10.3390/ijerph16111947
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Orr, Robin M. and Kukić, Filip and Čvorović, Aleksandar and Koropanovski, Nenad and Janković, Radivoje and Dawes, Jay and Lockie, Robert",
year = "2019-06-01",
abstract = "Female police officers may be required to pursue offenders on foot while wearing occupational loads. The aim of this study was to determine relationships between fitness measures and change of direction speed (CODS) in female police officers and the influence of their occupational loads. Retrospective data were provided for 27 female police officers (age = 32.19 ± 5.09 y, height = 162.78 ± 5.01 cm, and mass = 71.31 ± 13.42 kg) and included fitness measures of: lower-body power (standing long jump (SLJ)), upper-body and trunk muscle endurance (push-up (PU) and sit-up (SU)), aerobic power (estimated VO2max), and CODS (Illinois agility test). The CODS test was performed without and with occupational load (10 kg). Paired sample t-tests (between-load conditions) and Pearson's correlations (relationships between measures) were performed with linear regression analysis used to account for the contribution of measures to unloaded and loaded CODS performance. CODS was significantly slower when loaded (unloaded = ~23.17 s, loaded = ~24.14 s, p < 0.001) with a strong, significant relationship between load conditions (r = 0.956, p < 0.001). Moderate to strong, significant relationships were found between all fitness measures ranging from estimated VO2max (r = -0.448) to SU (r = -0.673) in the unloaded condition, with the strength of these relationships increasing in the loaded condition accounting for 61% to 67% of the variance, respectively. While unloaded agility test performance was strongly associated with loaded performance, female police officer CODS was significantly reduced when carrying occupational loads. A variety of fitness measures that influence officer CODS performances become increasingly important when occupational loads are carried.",
publisher = "Basel : MDPI",
journal = "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health",
title = "Associations between Fitness Measures and Change of Direction Speeds with and without Occupational Loads in Female Police Officers",
volume = "16",
number = "11",
pages = "1947",
doi = "10.3390/ijerph16111947"
}

Orr, R. M., Kukić, F., Čvorović, A., Koropanovski, N., Janković, R., Dawes, J.,& Lockie, R.. (2019-06-01). Associations between Fitness Measures and Change of Direction Speeds with and without Occupational Loads in Female Police Officers. in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Basel : MDPI., 16(11), 1947.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111947

Orr RM, Kukić F, Čvorović A, Koropanovski N, Janković R, Dawes J, Lockie R. Associations between Fitness Measures and Change of Direction Speeds with and without Occupational Loads in Female Police Officers. in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(11):1947.
doi:10.3390/ijerph16111947 .

Orr, Robin M., Kukić, Filip, Čvorović, Aleksandar, Koropanovski, Nenad, Janković, Radivoje, Dawes, Jay, Lockie, Robert, "Associations between Fitness Measures and Change of Direction Speeds with and without Occupational Loads in Female Police Officers" in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, no. 11 (2019-06-01):1947,
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111947 . .