TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nešić, Miladin
AU  - Lipovac, Krsto
AU  - Vujanić, Milan
AU  - Jovanović, Dragan
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://jakov.kpu.edu.rs/handle/123456789/734
AB  - This paper examines the possibility of applying the Subjective Black Spot Identification Method on state roads. A survey was conducted using interviews about 659 drivers' attitudes on the existence of Black Spots, on nine sections of state roads in the Republic of Serbia. A total of 124 locations were obtained which drivers believed were Perceived Dangerous Locations (PDLs). A set of hypotheses was defined in order to examine whether a particular PDL is a Black Spot and the test was carried out using the Bayesian Multiple Testing (BMT). Since an actual Black Spot has not been recognized as a PDL in the survey, which consequently is not subject to the BMT, new concept that includes: frequency of mishits in identifying real 'Black Spots' (RPM) and real 'non Black Spots' (RNM) and frequency of hits in identifying real 'Black Spots' (RPH) and real 'non Black Spots' (RNH) have been therefore introduced, enabling the inclusion of this outcome in the BMT. Optimisation methods have been proposed for the optimum threshold t selection with the minimization of the frequency of mishits (RPM and RNM) and maximization of the frequency of hits (RPH and RNH). Two operatively usable solutions have been offered here: if the consumption of resources and the effectiveness of spending of funds for identification are primarily low, then the best result is obtained using the optimisation with the minimization of the sum of mishits frequency. Then t = 24.7% (threshold of votes for selecting PDLs as Black Spots), and the ratio of correctly and wrongly selected Black Spots is 1:1.16. On the other hand, if the goal is to detect as many real Black Spots, regardless of the reduction in the effectiveness of spending of funds, then the optimisation with the equalizing of the frequencies of mishits gives the best results. In that case, t = 7.7%, and the ratio of correctly and wrongly selected Black Spots is 1:7.15.
PB  - Vilnius Gedinimas Technical University
T2  - Transport
T1  - Roadside public survey approach in black spot identification on rural roads: case study
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
SP  - 271
EP  - 281
DO  - 10.3846/16484142.2016.1193055
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nešić, Miladin and Lipovac, Krsto and Vujanić, Milan and Jovanović, Dragan",
year = "2016",
abstract = "This paper examines the possibility of applying the Subjective Black Spot Identification Method on state roads. A survey was conducted using interviews about 659 drivers' attitudes on the existence of Black Spots, on nine sections of state roads in the Republic of Serbia. A total of 124 locations were obtained which drivers believed were Perceived Dangerous Locations (PDLs). A set of hypotheses was defined in order to examine whether a particular PDL is a Black Spot and the test was carried out using the Bayesian Multiple Testing (BMT). Since an actual Black Spot has not been recognized as a PDL in the survey, which consequently is not subject to the BMT, new concept that includes: frequency of mishits in identifying real 'Black Spots' (RPM) and real 'non Black Spots' (RNM) and frequency of hits in identifying real 'Black Spots' (RPH) and real 'non Black Spots' (RNH) have been therefore introduced, enabling the inclusion of this outcome in the BMT. Optimisation methods have been proposed for the optimum threshold t selection with the minimization of the frequency of mishits (RPM and RNM) and maximization of the frequency of hits (RPH and RNH). Two operatively usable solutions have been offered here: if the consumption of resources and the effectiveness of spending of funds for identification are primarily low, then the best result is obtained using the optimisation with the minimization of the sum of mishits frequency. Then t = 24.7% (threshold of votes for selecting PDLs as Black Spots), and the ratio of correctly and wrongly selected Black Spots is 1:1.16. On the other hand, if the goal is to detect as many real Black Spots, regardless of the reduction in the effectiveness of spending of funds, then the optimisation with the equalizing of the frequencies of mishits gives the best results. In that case, t = 7.7%, and the ratio of correctly and wrongly selected Black Spots is 1:7.15.",
publisher = "Vilnius Gedinimas Technical University",
journal = "Transport",
title = "Roadside public survey approach in black spot identification on rural roads: case study",
volume = "31",
number = "2",
pages = "271-281",
doi = "10.3846/16484142.2016.1193055"
}

Nešić, M., Lipovac, K., Vujanić, M.,& Jovanović, D.. (2016). Roadside public survey approach in black spot identification on rural roads: case study. in Transport
Vilnius Gedinimas Technical University., 31(2), 271-281.
https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1193055

Nešić M, Lipovac K, Vujanić M, Jovanović D. Roadside public survey approach in black spot identification on rural roads: case study. in Transport. 2016;31(2):271-281.
doi:10.3846/16484142.2016.1193055 .

Nešić, Miladin, Lipovac, Krsto, Vujanić, Milan, Jovanović, Dragan, "Roadside public survey approach in black spot identification on rural roads: case study" in Transport, 31, no. 2 (2016):271-281,
https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1193055 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lipovac, Krsto
AU  - Vujanić, Milan
AU  - Marić, Bojan
AU  - Nešić, Miladin
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://jakov.kpu.edu.rs/handle/123456789/507
AB  - Pedestrian behavior has been a subject of surveys carried out at two signalized pedestrian crossings, in the city of Doboj (BIH, Republic of Srpska). The analysis is made on the basis of video recordings, and includes behavior at pedestrian crossings, in various conditions (two locations, different vehicle flows, with or without a countdown display). The analysis also includes the distribution of illegal crossings (at the pedestrian red light) of different categories of pedestrians (gender, age), before and after the installation of a pedestrian countdown display, at two different pedestrian crossings. The results of the study have shown that a countdown display reduces statistically significantly the total number of violators, regardless of its location and traffic flow. However, this reduction is not the same at various categories of pedestrians (male, female, elderly, young people). The influence of the display has been particularly dominant at the pedestrian crossing located outside the centre of the city, with the smaller intensity of traffic. Children pedestrians do not accept the behavior in accordance with the countdown display in case of a reduced intensity of traffic, at a pedestrian crossing located in the backstreet. A countdown display does not statistically significantly change the distribution form of the number of offences during the red light for pedestrians, regardless of the pedestrian environment. However, there is a statistically significant difference in certain intervals (during the first and last 4 s) in the total distribution, as well as in the categories (female pedestrians, children). A countdown display does not reduce the overall number of "slow" pedestrians, but the impact on certain categories of "slow" pedestrians (gender/children), as well as on pedestrian violators, per age categories, varies depending on the location and traffic flow at an intersection.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Transportation research part f-traffic psychology and behaviour
T1  - The influence of a pedestrian countdown display on pedestrian behavior at signalized pedestrian crossings
VL  - 20
SP  - 121
EP  - 134
DO  - 10.1016/j.trf.2013.07.002
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lipovac, Krsto and Vujanić, Milan and Marić, Bojan and Nešić, Miladin",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Pedestrian behavior has been a subject of surveys carried out at two signalized pedestrian crossings, in the city of Doboj (BIH, Republic of Srpska). The analysis is made on the basis of video recordings, and includes behavior at pedestrian crossings, in various conditions (two locations, different vehicle flows, with or without a countdown display). The analysis also includes the distribution of illegal crossings (at the pedestrian red light) of different categories of pedestrians (gender, age), before and after the installation of a pedestrian countdown display, at two different pedestrian crossings. The results of the study have shown that a countdown display reduces statistically significantly the total number of violators, regardless of its location and traffic flow. However, this reduction is not the same at various categories of pedestrians (male, female, elderly, young people). The influence of the display has been particularly dominant at the pedestrian crossing located outside the centre of the city, with the smaller intensity of traffic. Children pedestrians do not accept the behavior in accordance with the countdown display in case of a reduced intensity of traffic, at a pedestrian crossing located in the backstreet. A countdown display does not statistically significantly change the distribution form of the number of offences during the red light for pedestrians, regardless of the pedestrian environment. However, there is a statistically significant difference in certain intervals (during the first and last 4 s) in the total distribution, as well as in the categories (female pedestrians, children). A countdown display does not reduce the overall number of "slow" pedestrians, but the impact on certain categories of "slow" pedestrians (gender/children), as well as on pedestrian violators, per age categories, varies depending on the location and traffic flow at an intersection.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Transportation research part f-traffic psychology and behaviour",
title = "The influence of a pedestrian countdown display on pedestrian behavior at signalized pedestrian crossings",
volume = "20",
pages = "121-134",
doi = "10.1016/j.trf.2013.07.002"
}

Lipovac, K., Vujanić, M., Marić, B.,& Nešić, M.. (2013). The influence of a pedestrian countdown display on pedestrian behavior at signalized pedestrian crossings. in Transportation research part f-traffic psychology and behaviour
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 20, 121-134.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2013.07.002

Lipovac K, Vujanić M, Marić B, Nešić M. The influence of a pedestrian countdown display on pedestrian behavior at signalized pedestrian crossings. in Transportation research part f-traffic psychology and behaviour. 2013;20:121-134.
doi:10.1016/j.trf.2013.07.002 .

Lipovac, Krsto, Vujanić, Milan, Marić, Bojan, Nešić, Miladin, "The influence of a pedestrian countdown display on pedestrian behavior at signalized pedestrian crossings" in Transportation research part f-traffic psychology and behaviour, 20 (2013):121-134,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2013.07.002 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lipovac, Krsto
AU  - Vujanić, Milan
AU  - Marić, Bojan
AU  - Nešić, Miladin
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://jakov.kpu.edu.rs/handle/123456789/513
AB  - The objective of this research was to define eventual differences in models of pedestrian behavior at signalized pedestrian crossings, with and without countdown displays. The outcomes of this work represent a contribution to the harmonization of positions on the effect of a countdown display on pedestrian behavior. Video recordings at two completely similar pedestrian crossings enabled the collection of pedestrian behavior data (crossing at the red light), which included different categories (gender, age, individual/group, and "slow" pedestrians), collected in different conditions (during certain red light intervals and traffic volume). The results of the research showed that a statistically significant larger number of pedestrian offenders occurred at pedestrian crossings without countdown displays rather than at crossings with countdown displays. The presence of a countdown display significantly reduced the number of women offenders in particular. The number of offenders in the first and last four seconds of the pedestrian red light at the pedestrian crossing with a countdown display, differed, in terms of statistical significance, from the number of offenders at the crossing without a countdown display. The countdown display had a positive influence on pedestrians older than 40 years of age, as well as on slow pedestrians.
PB  - Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Reston
T2  - Journal of transportation engineering-asce
T1  - Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Pedestrian Crossings
VL  - 139
IS  - 2
SP  - 165
EP  - 172
DO  - 10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000491
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lipovac, Krsto and Vujanić, Milan and Marić, Bojan and Nešić, Miladin",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The objective of this research was to define eventual differences in models of pedestrian behavior at signalized pedestrian crossings, with and without countdown displays. The outcomes of this work represent a contribution to the harmonization of positions on the effect of a countdown display on pedestrian behavior. Video recordings at two completely similar pedestrian crossings enabled the collection of pedestrian behavior data (crossing at the red light), which included different categories (gender, age, individual/group, and "slow" pedestrians), collected in different conditions (during certain red light intervals and traffic volume). The results of the research showed that a statistically significant larger number of pedestrian offenders occurred at pedestrian crossings without countdown displays rather than at crossings with countdown displays. The presence of a countdown display significantly reduced the number of women offenders in particular. The number of offenders in the first and last four seconds of the pedestrian red light at the pedestrian crossing with a countdown display, differed, in terms of statistical significance, from the number of offenders at the crossing without a countdown display. The countdown display had a positive influence on pedestrians older than 40 years of age, as well as on slow pedestrians.",
publisher = "Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Reston",
journal = "Journal of transportation engineering-asce",
title = "Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Pedestrian Crossings",
volume = "139",
number = "2",
pages = "165-172",
doi = "10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000491"
}

Lipovac, K., Vujanić, M., Marić, B.,& Nešić, M.. (2013). Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Pedestrian Crossings. in Journal of transportation engineering-asce
Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Reston., 139(2), 165-172.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000491

Lipovac K, Vujanić M, Marić B, Nešić M. Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Pedestrian Crossings. in Journal of transportation engineering-asce. 2013;139(2):165-172.
doi:10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000491 .

Lipovac, Krsto, Vujanić, Milan, Marić, Bojan, Nešić, Miladin, "Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Pedestrian Crossings" in Journal of transportation engineering-asce, 139, no. 2 (2013):165-172,
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000491 . .