Optimizing versions of contemporary operations depending on the use of non-lethal weapons

Abstract

One of the main features of peacekeeping, humanitarian, counter-terrorist and other kinds of contemporary operations is a high level of uncertainty understood as possibility of surprise. The increase in uncertainty in the course of the listed operations is particularly prompted by the circumstances in which these are prepared and carried out. Among these, the following call for special attention: (1) predominance of lethal weapons in the arsenals of defence and security forces and the consequences of their use, (2) undefined situation, especially in urban settings (the fact that adversaries terrorists, criminals are interspersed with innocent citizens, etc., (3) lack of experience on the part of counter-terrorist troops (due to the fact that they must be young in order to comply with health requirements for these units), which increases the possibility of errors in estimating situation decision-making, and response to provocation, attack and other challenges (4) the consequences of these errors may cause permanent damage of life and health of innocent citizens, persons against whom force has been used engaged troops, facilities and environment, (5) adverse effect of these damages on the mandate of engaged troops, since the public tends to sympathize with the victims of the use force on the part of peacekeeping humanitarian and counter-terrorist forces, which could eventually lead to (6) a higher probability of crisis escalation. The uncertain effects of the use of lethal weapons in the course of contemporary operations that endanger the listed, as well as other values, can be diminished or avoided by the use of non-lethal weapons.

Jedno od osnovnih obeležja mirovnih, humanitarnih, protivterorističkih i ostalih vrsta savremenih operacija predstavlja visok stepen neizvesnosti shvaćen kao verovatnoća nastanka iznenađenja. Rastu neizvesnosti tokom navedenih operacija, posebno doprinose uslovi u kojima se one pripremaju i izvode. Među njima posebnu pažnju zaslužuju: (1) dominiranje smrtonosnih oružja u naoružanju odbrambenih i bezbednosnih snaga i posledice koje se njima izazivaju, (2) nejasnost situacije, posebno u urbanim sredinama (što se ispoljava mešanjem protivnika (terorista, kriminalaca) sa nedužnim građanima itd), (3) neiskustvo pripadnika protivterorističkih jedinica (usled njihove mladosti, koja je preduslov ispunjenja zdravstvenih kriterijuma za rad u tim jedinicama), zbog čega je prisutna velika verovatnoća nastanka grešaka u njihovom procenjivanju situacije, odlučivanju i reagovanju na provokacije, napade na njih i druge izazove, (4) posledice tih grešaka mogu izazvati trajne štete po život i zdravlje nedužnih građana, lica protiv kojih se koriste sredstva prinude (protivnika), pripadnika angažovanih snaga, funkcionisanje materijalnih dobara i stanje njihovog okruženja (u ekološkom smislu), (5) nespojivost navedenih šteta sa mandatom angažovanih snaga i to u svesti populacije koja se identifikuje sa žrtvama angažovanja mirovnih, humanitarnih protivterorističkih i drugih snaga, što u krajnjem može prouzrokovati (6) veliku verovatnoću eskalacije kriza. Neizvesnosti upotrebe smrtonosnog oružja tokom savremenih operacija, kojima su u datim uslovima izložene navedene, ali i ostale vrednosti, mogu se umanjiti, odnosno izbeći predviđanjem primene i korišćenjem nesmrtonosnih oružja.