Uvođenje vanrednog stanja prema Ustavu Republike Srbije iz 2006. godine
Declaration of state of emergency according to 2006 Constitution of the Republic of Serbia
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Vanredno stanje predstavlja neredovnu, izuzetnu situaciju u kojoj se
mogu naći i najdemokratskije države. U takvim okolnostima obično se poziva na
staro pravilo da je spas naroda (države) najviši zakon. Ipak, s obzirom na to da je
tada, zbog višeg razloga (opstanak države), neophodan izvestan stepen
koncentracije vlasti u rukama egzekutive, što neminovno otvara mogućnost
zloupotreba, ustavotvorci moraju biti vrlo pažljivi prilikom normiranja ovako
osetljivog pitanja. Centralni deo rada ukazuje na prednosti i mane sadašnjeg
ustavnog rešenja u Srbiji, prvenstveno u odnosu na način uvođenja vanrednog
stanja postavljen u Ustavu Srbije iz 1990. godine. U nekadašnjem srpskom ustavu
predsednik Republike je bio ovlašćen za donošenje odluke o vanrednom stanju,
što je danas u nadležnosti Narodne skupštine, koja je nesumnjivo najpotpuniji i
najbolji reprezent narodne volje. Međutim, pitanje efikasnosti odlučivanja i brzine
reagovanja u toj delikatnoj stvari i dalje ostaje sporno. Pore...d izvesnih
nedoslednosti, pa čak možda i omaški, postojeći Ustav Republike Srbije iz 2006.
godine ipak u osnovi pokazuje demokratska nastojanja da se donošenje odluke o
uvođenju vanrednog stanja višestruko osigura, a pogotovo da se u vreme važenja
vanrednog stanja u potpunosti poštuju ljudska prava u skladu sa preuzetim
međunarodnim obavezama.
State of emergency marks an irregular, exceptional situation, which potentially
may hit the most democratic countries as well. Since ancient times, under those
circumstances, the rule salus populi suprema lex (safety of the people is supreme
demand) is applied and used as an excuse. However, as under those circumstances
a kind of concentration of power within the executive branch is unavoidable, there
is a need to have very cautiously measured constitutional norms regulating that
balance. The main goal of this paper is to examine advantages and shortcomings
of the current regulation of that issue in Serbia according to the 2006 Constitution,
particularly in connection with the previous, 1990 Constitution and the
experience of introducing state of emergency in the country. According to the
previous Serbian Constitution, President of the Republic was engaged to
introduce the state of emergency, while according to the current one, that decision
was moved into hands of the Nati...onal Assembly – which is undeniably the best
and the most prominent representative of the will of the people. However, the
issue of efficiency and properly quick reaction is at stake. Although the existing
2006 Constitution has some inconsistencies, and even more some omissions, it
basically reflects democratic tendencies to secure in many ways the decision on
emergency state introduction, and particularly to ensure respect of the human
rights during the state of emergency in compliance with the established
international obligations.
Keywords:
vanredno stanje / Odluka o proglašenju vanrednog stanja / Ustav Republike Srbije iz 2006. godine / Ustav Republike Srbije iz 1990. godineSource:
NBP : Journal of criminalistics and law = Žurnal za kriminalistiku i pravo, 2010, 15, 2, 127-135Publisher:
- Beograd : Kriminalističko-policijska akademija