Main characteristics of new law of delict

Abstract

In November 2005, new Law of Delict was adopted, which brought important novelties in our delict-related legislation, both in its material and procedural parts. To pass a new law of delict was necessary for many reasons primarily because of the need for additional adjustments following the discontinued use of Law on Delict that used to break federal regulations, but also because of the adjustments with the international regulations and newly-adopted regulations of criminal material and procedural legislation. Due to the necessity to adjust other delict regulations with the new Law of Delict and the need to constitute new police courts, as well as to make certain organizational and technical preparations, the application of the new law was postponed for January 01, 2007. The most important changes in material part of the new law refer to introduction of the notion of delict and delict liability, as well as to the introduction of new penalties: work in public interest and penal points as punishment, forbidding the access to the injured party, facilities or the place where the delict was made and public announcement of the sentences as protective measures, and so-called special measures as correctional measures towards juveniles. As for the delict procedure, the most important novelties refer to institutions leading the procedure, especially introduction of police courts as completely new institutions within our judicial system, but also to the bigger role of public prosecutor, strengthening of the principle of initiation of delict procedure, measures to ensure the presence of the accused, reaching the verdict instead of decision on the delict, et cetera.

Novembra 2005. godine donet je novi Zakon o prekršajima čime su u naše prekšajno zakonodavstvo unete značajne novine kako u njegovom materijalnom tako i u procesnom delu. Donošenje novog Zakona o prekršajima bilo je nephodno iz više razloga, pre svega zbog potrebe dodatnih usklađivanja nastale posle prestanka primene Zakona o prekršajima kojim se povređuju savezne propisi, ali i zbog usaglašavanja sa međunarodnim propisima i novo usvojenim propisima krivičnog materijalnog i procesnog zakonodavstva. Zbog neophodnosti usklađivanja drugih prekršajnih propisa sa novim Zakonom o prekršajima i potrebe da se konstituišu novi prekršajni sudovi, kao i da bi se izvršile određene organizacione i tehničke pripreme, početak primene novog Zakona odložen je za 1. januar 2007. godine. Najznačajnije izmene u materijalnom delu novog zakona odnose se na novo određenje pojmova prekršaja i prekršajne odgovornosti, kao i na uvođenje novih prekršajnih sankcija: rad u javnom interesu i kazneni poeni kao kazne, zabrana pristupa oštećenom objektima ili mestu izvršenja prekršaja i javno objavljivanje presude kao zaštitne mere, i tzv. posebne mere, kao vaspitne mera prema maloletnicima. Što se tiče prekršajnog postupka, najznačajnije novine odnose se na organe za vođenje ovog postupka, naročito na uvođenje sudova za prekršaje kao potpuno novih organa u našem pravosudnom sistemu, ali i na veću ulogu javnog tužioca jačanje načela pokretanja prekršajnog postupka, mere za obezbeđenje prisustva okrivljenog, donošenje presude umesto rešenja o prekršaju i dr.