Primena informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija u preduzećima u zemljama Evropske unije
The use of information and communication technologies by enterprises in the European Union member countries
Apstrakt
The paper analyzes the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in enterprises in the
European Union member states. The objectives of the analysis were to examine the level reached in the
application of ICT in European enterprises and explore the differences in ICT usage that exist between the
EU member states. The analysis is based on the Eurostat data on ICT usage in enterprises in the European
Union countries (EU-28) for the years 2018 and 2017. The following indicators of ICT usage were analyzed:
fixed broadband access, the speed of the internet connections, the presence of the Internet (enterprises
having a website), the use of social media, the use of cloud computing services, e-commerce indicators
(the share of the enterprises making e-sales and the share of e-commerce in the total turnover) and the
indicators of e-business integration - the share of the enterprises using enterprise resource planning
(ERP), customer relationship management (CRM) and the s...upply chain management (SCM) software
applications. A comparative analysis of the EU countries by the value of these indicators was carried out.
The main focus in the analysis was to identify the factors that influence the difference in the value of the
ICT indicators between the countries. The analysis has shown that the regional position, the geographic
characteristics, the size of the country and the level of its economic development are the factors that
influence these differences.
U radu se analizira primena informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija (IKT) u preduzećima u zemljama članicama Evropske unije (EU). Ciljevi analize bili su da se ispita dostignuti nivo u primeni IKT u preduzećima i da se istraže razlike u korišćenju IKT koje postoje među zemljama članicama EU. U analizi su korišćeni podaci EUROSTAT-a o primeni IKT u preduzećima Evropske unije (EU-28) za 2017. i 2018. Analizirani su sledeći indikatori primene IKT u preduzećima: širokopojasna internet konekcija, brzina internet konekcije, prisustvo na internetu (posedovanje Web sajta), korišćenje društvenih medija, korišćenje cloud računarstva, indikatori e-trgovine (udeo preduzeća koja prodaju svoje proizvode preko interneta i učešće e-trgovine u ukupnom prometu), i indikatori integrisanosti e-poslovanja (udeo preduzeća koja koriste integralni poslovni software, software za upravljanje odnosima sa klijentima i softver za upravljanje lancem snabdevanja). Izvršena je komparativna analiza zemalja EU po vredn...osti ovih indikatora, sa ciljem da se utvrdi koji faktori utiču na razlike u vrednosti indikatora među zemljama. Analiza je pokazala da su regionalni položaj, geografske karakteristike, veličina zemlje i dostignut nivo ekonomskog razvoja faktori koji utiču na ove razlike.
Ključne reči:
information and communication technology / e-commerce / e-business integration indicators / enterprises / European Union / informaciono-komunikacione tehnologije / e-trgovina / indikatori integrisanosti e-poslovanja / preduzeća / Evropska unijaIzvor:
Ekonomski horizonti, 2019, 21, 3, 273-294Izdavač:
- Univerzitet u Kragujevcu - Ekonomski fakultet, Kragujevac