Reforma sistema kazni u funkciji suzbijanja kriminaliteta

Abstract

Reforma krivičnog materijalnog zakonodavstva uvek podrazumeva reviziju sistema krivičnih sankcija, u prvom redu sistema kazni. Potrebno je napraviti balans izme|u potrebe suzbijanja kriminaliteta, promena koje nastaju u društvu i temeljnim novelama opšteg i posebnog dela koje su uslovljene novim, teškim oblicima kriminaliteta, iskustvima u primeni dosadašnjih rešenja i savremenim dostignućima u nauci krivičnog prava i njihovoj primeni u uporednom pravu. Stoga, u radu se analiziraju osnovne postavke Krivičnog zakonika Srbije koje se odnose na sistem kazni. U prvom delu rada, koji je ujedno posvećen i uvodnim napomenama, ukazuje se na dinamičnu fazu kroz koju prolazi krivično zakonodavstvo Srbije, što je svojstveno i drugim evropskim zemljama. Dalje, pruža se pregled odgovarajućih odredbi Krivičnog zakonika Srbije koji je stupio na snagu 1. 1. 2006. Zbog sveobuhvatnog pristupa, analizom su obuhvaćena i rešenja koja su rezultat izmena i dopuna Krivičnog zakonika u 2009. i 2012. godini. Izmene i dopune koje su usledile 2013. i 2014. godine nisu bile od značaja za sistem kazni. Posebna pažnja posvećena je višedecenijskim pokušajima da se u naše krivično zakonodavstvo uvede kazna doživotnog zatvora. Imajući u vidu potrebu za argumentovanom i kritičkom analizom više puta predloženog rešenja o kazni doživotnog zatvora cilj nam je da procenimo glavne razloge koji se iznose u prilog ove kazne kao i one protiv. Razmatranjem novih odredbi uvedenih u cilju suzbijanju kriminaliteta, ali i zauzimanjem stava u pogledu odre|enih pravnih pitanja autor je dao predloge de lege ferenda.

The reform of the substantive criminal legislation always implies a review of the system of criminal sanctions, primarily of penalty system. It is necessary to create a balance between the need to combat crime, changes occurring in the society and the fundamental amendments to the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code that are conditioned by new, serious forms of crime, the experiences in the application of previous solutions and the latest achievements in science of criminal law and their application in comparative law. Therefore, the paper analyses the basic postulates of the Criminal Code of Serbia relating to the penalty system. The first part of the paper, which is at the same time dedicated to introductory remarks, points to the dynamic stage in which the criminal legislation of Serbia is at the moment, which is also characteristic for other European countries. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code of Serbia, which entered into force on 1 January 2006. For the purpose of a comprehensive approach, the analysis also included solutions that are the result of amendments to the Criminal Code in 2009 and 2012. The subsequent changes and amendments in 2013 and 2014 were not of importance for the penalty system. Special attention was paid to the decades-long attempt to introduce into our criminal legislation sentence of life imprisonment. Having regard to the need for argumentative and critical analysis of the several times proposed solution on the sentence of life imprisonment, the aim is to evaluate the main pros and cons in regards to this sentence. By examining the new provisions introduced with the aim of combating crime, but also by taking a stance in respect of certain legal issues, the author gave suggestions de lege ferenda.